#: locale=en
## Media
### Audio
audiores_03B08846_25C8_A547_41B1_336CF92AC3E0.mp3Url = media/audio_3CD83A10_25C8_E4DB_41BA_58850C9B17F2_en.mp3
audiores_03E78E76_25C8_5D47_41B2_DD7554F52FCA.mp3Url = media/audio_3CD979CF_25C8_E745_41B8_6D3382F0F031_en.mp3
audiores_03CA90DE_25C9_A547_419E_51805AE6F41A.mp3Url = media/audio_3CD9998A_25C8_E7CF_41BD_2DF9E62A0FA3_en.mp3
audiores_035013EE_25C8_EB47_41B5_C43835C4EDEC.mp3Url = media/audio_3CDB3A56_25C8_E547_41BF_C40F96C9024D_en.mp3
audiores_013295A2_25CF_AFFF_41A9_A4750821C431.mp3Url = media/audio_3D05B0C0_25C8_E5BB_41B2_36F813A3BAEC_en.mp3
audiores_012ABF0A_25CF_DCCF_41C2_8EF078E80A4E.mp3Url = media/audio_3D22776A_25C8_EB4F_41BB_C915E5106407_en.mp3
audiores_005FC5BB_25C8_EFCD_41BB_318866208251.mp3Url = media/audio_3D243879_25C8_E54D_41AE_64A079BFD933_en.mp3
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audiores_00F9CA30_25CF_A4DB_41C0_4090DF217529.mp3Url = media/audio_3D2527F4_25C8_EB5B_41A6_C01A3F02DFA9_en.mp3
audiores_00DDCAF2_25CF_E55F_41A6_DDDF1304F6EE.mp3Url = media/audio_3D2597B1_25C8_EBDD_41A7_756B782E444C_en.mp3
audiores_0023FBD7_25C9_FB45_41AB_827B96485793.mp3Url = media/audio_3D262944_25C8_E4BB_41A5_63D9AEBE9193_en.mp3
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audiores_004B28C2_25C8_A5BF_41AE_16770D768D09.mp3Url = media/audio_3D2798BD_25C8_E5C5_41B0_A22FD185DB29_en.mp3
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audiores_99EFDCBA_E754_B275_41D1_D174B7DA7640.mp3Url = media/audio_A40AA1A0_E60B_0531_41E4_12874099BB9B_en.mp3
audiores_9911CAD1_E754_9637_41D6_FDC6B40BE1CC.mp3Url = media/audio_A40C20F7_E60B_031F_41AE_F2F81C5BC861_en.mp3
audiores_99338FA6_E754_AE1D_41DE_7875F27FB2AA.mp3Url = media/audio_A40E214C_E60B_0571_41E3_2913005666CD_en.mp3
audiores_9CB2BF23_E755_EE1B_41DF_CAA68BCBB0EB.mp3Url = media/audio_A7E11F0F_E60B_3D0F_41CE_F9A1B415AF41_en.mp3
audiores_9B414538_E755_9275_41E3_58D9833E5289.mp3Url = media/audio_A7E31F60_E60B_3D31_41DE_B4DE59DE9224_en.mp3
audiores_9DC48E37_E755_AE7B_41C8_C15F70B46145.mp3Url = media/audio_A7E61EB6_E60B_3F11_41E2_FDF8692C71F4_en.mp3
audiores_9AA000D5_E754_923F_41BD_F23B4AEADD81.mp3Url = media/audio_A7F060A9_E60B_0333_41C3_791C21E49528_en.mp3
audiores_9BFE9A31_E755_B677_41E0_4C36CFD26591.mp3Url = media/audio_A7F5E05C_E60B_0311_41DB_7B26F0EFD8C0_en.mp3
audiores_9B2B1382_E755_B615_41E5_929856BA7A21.mp3Url = media/audio_A7FAA00A_E60B_02F1_41E6_02AB3EB70FF7_en.mp3
audiores_9B1D4DA0_E755_9215_41E8_EF9E0AF62B40.mp3Url = media/audio_A7FF9FB6_E60B_3D11_41EA_A3894D3544AF_en.mp3
### Audio Subtitles
### Image
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imlevel_8FEA2518_FD62_C83F_41E5_7B9FC7E55245.url = media/zoomImage_AF5E415B_F1B5_B665_41E2_903989CBF548_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_8FEA6518_FD62_C83F_41E5_0E77A6197455.url = media/zoomImage_AF5E415B_F1B5_B665_41E2_903989CBF548_en_0_4.jpg
imlevel_715CD426_FD63_4813_41EC_C2CB78698B00.url = media/zoomImage_B7D1F09B_F1B5_B6E5_41E2_06770E9774F8_en_0_0.jpg
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imlevel_715D5426_FD63_4813_41E5_8AD78830C1CD.url = media/zoomImage_B7D1F09B_F1B5_B6E5_41E2_06770E9774F8_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_715A1426_FD63_4813_41E9_7992353E5B1A.url = media/zoomImage_B7D1F09B_F1B5_B6E5_41E2_06770E9774F8_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_8F14587F_FD62_F8F1_41DA_5FD380FE543F.url = media/zoomImage_B91C9252_E681_7C81_41EC_6BB5FA4D389E_en_0_0.jpg
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imlevel_71171C27_FD63_7811_41E7_DF5F9A4599E6.url = media/zoomImage_BB31F1C8_F1BB_9663_41B5_09C6C291601F_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_71145C27_FD63_7811_41DF_087D9EFA8071.url = media/zoomImage_BB31F1C8_F1BB_9663_41B5_09C6C291601F_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_71159C27_FD63_7811_41E6_8994982C8262.url = media/zoomImage_BB31F1C8_F1BB_9663_41B5_09C6C291601F_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_7112DC27_FD63_7811_41B4_DAAD16205EEA.url = media/zoomImage_BB31F1C8_F1BB_9663_41B5_09C6C291601F_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_71125C27_FD63_7811_41C4_602623D285FB.url = media/zoomImage_BB31F1C8_F1BB_9663_41B5_09C6C291601F_en_0_4.jpg
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imlevel_85F8DD61_FD61_7811_41DE_479145403791.url = media/zoomImage_D19A41C1_F19C_F665_41EC_3195500EF1A1_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_85F89D61_FD61_7811_41D1_F357A1D87000.url = media/zoomImage_D19A41C1_F19C_F665_41EC_3195500EF1A1_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_85F81D61_FD61_7811_41D4_78051397C909.url = media/zoomImage_D19A41C1_F19C_F665_41EC_3195500EF1A1_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_848643F7_FD66_CFF1_4155_00AF60E93570.url = media/zoomImage_D9E51092_F19C_96E7_41D6_D1003AA87C33_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_848743F7_FD66_CFF1_41EE_54A030E12B6F.url = media/zoomImage_D9E51092_F19C_96E7_41D6_D1003AA87C33_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_848783F7_FD66_CFF1_41DD_B3C2D85F7C69.url = media/zoomImage_D9E51092_F19C_96E7_41D6_D1003AA87C33_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_848003F7_FD66_CFF1_41C9_D338E4D55CAD.url = media/zoomImage_D9E51092_F19C_96E7_41D6_D1003AA87C33_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_850F8A75_FD61_58F1_41EB_200A0069CFC3.url = media/zoomImage_ED680A64_F194_8A23_41EB_29D163B16967_en_0_0.jpg
imlevel_85098A76_FD61_58F3_41E9_EE84202AD431.url = media/zoomImage_ED680A64_F194_8A23_41EB_29D163B16967_en_0_1.jpg
imlevel_85094A76_FD61_58F3_41AC_9F090D25D4EA.url = media/zoomImage_ED680A64_F194_8A23_41EB_29D163B16967_en_0_2.jpg
imlevel_8508CA76_FD61_58F3_41EC_C9576F0EA57E.url = media/zoomImage_ED680A64_F194_8A23_41EB_29D163B16967_en_0_3.jpg
imlevel_85088A76_FD61_58F3_41D3_4594B0530BBF.url = media/zoomImage_ED680A64_F194_8A23_41EB_29D163B16967_en_0_4.jpg
### Popup Image
### Title
panorama_40F26511_69B7_4591_41C2_AE219EDEB834.label = Whitaker_Pano01
panorama_459FAB1C_69B9_4D97_41BC_4E854FE5C7A2.label = Whitaker_Pano02
panorama_19164F57_0ACA_788E_41A2_C53799767EA3.label = Whitaker_Pano03
panorama_41720DE7_69B7_C4B1_41D8_737B1B5987C1.label = Whitaker_Pano04
## Skin
### Image
Image_1052AD0C_0EE3_9687_419C_3706D1A75165.url = skin/Image_1052AD0C_0EE3_9687_419C_3706D1A75165_en.jpg
Image_10CD396B_0EE5_BE81_4184_54708E3B1DBD.url = skin/Image_10CD396B_0EE5_BE81_4184_54708E3B1DBD_en.jpg
Image_10D26BCF_0EE6_9181_41A8_1C2498CFB3BC.url = skin/Image_10D26BCF_0EE6_9181_41A8_1C2498CFB3BC_en.jpg
Image_10DBAE5E_0EE5_9283_41A6_3B50B01DFD0C.url = skin/Image_10DBAE5E_0EE5_9283_41A6_3B50B01DFD0C_en.jpg
Image_10F8A229_0EE5_F281_41AD_0DBF9A995580.url = skin/Image_10F8A229_0EE5_F281_41AD_0DBF9A995580_en.jpg
Image_11524314_0EE2_9287_417E_B344FE661580.url = skin/Image_11524314_0EE2_9287_417E_B344FE661580_en.jpg
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Label_72079526_695F_45B3_41B5_201C2440545F.text = Whitaker Museum
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### Multiline Text
HTMLText_105C5F32_0EE2_F283_4189_94F55EC11009.html = Blue Needlepoint Chair
The chair was carved and constructed by Thomas Whitaker, who learned this art from the ship's carpenter while traveling the seas. The fine needlepoint was crafted by Elizabeth Mills Oakden Whitaker, for this home.
As winter nights were long and dark, women did handwork by lamplight or fireside, creating beautiful linens, tapestry, and much-needed mending.
Front Door Frame
The front door frame was crafted by Thomas W. Whitaker. Thomas built furniture, as well as many homes, churches, and businesses in the valley, specializing in carpentry.
Thomas learned these skills as an apprentice to the ship's carpenter during his sailing years, and they served him well throughout his life.
Pickle & Biscuit Jars
This silver-plated crystal pickle jar and porcelain biscuit (cookie) jar both belonged to Elizabeth Mills Oakden Whitaker’s mother, Elizabeth Demond Hall. The jars came with the Halls from the Isle of Man when they immigrated to the USA in 1842 on the ship Rochester, across the Atlantic, up the Mississippi to Nauvoo, IL, and then were transported across the plains to Salt Lake City in the David Wilkin Company in 1852.
Little room and distance allowed for only the most precious of possessions to be brought with the pioneers.
Settee
The Settee and Chair were carved and constructed by Thomas Whitaker, who learned this art from the ship's carpenter while traveling the seas.
His early training in ship building would also have helped him with furniture making. Many pioneers in early settlements made their living with their hands and industries they learned in apprenticeships or training during their youth. Until the Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1896, everything you owned was most likely produced by one’s own hands.
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Batchelder Fireplace
Thomas and Elizabeth Whitaker's son Joseph and his wife Florence remodeled the home after purchasing it from Elizabeth in the 1920s. Some changes include the addition of an indoor bathroom, bedroom, garage and the beautiful Batchelder tile fireplace in the parlor.
Ernest Batchelder was born January 22, 1875, in New Hampshire to a family of bricklayers and carpenters. He trained as an art design teacher at the Massachusetts Normal Art School in Boston, Massachusetts. He was foremost an educator and began teaching design and drawing at Throop (pronounced “Troop”) Polytechnic Institute in Pasadena, California in 1902. In 1906 he was appointed Director of Art at Throop. From 1905 to 1909 he headed the Minneapolis Summer School of Design, in which he met many of the country’s leading Arts and Crafts artisans. This group of artisans taught embroidery, pottery, jewelry-making, metalwork and more. The school was short-lived, but many of these artists and designers went on to careers of renown.
He was a published author with articles about design appearing in publications such as Craftsman Magazine and the Inland Printer, with some of these articles later being turned into books.
In 1910, Batchelder began to produce tiles in the backyard of his home in Pasadena on the banks of the Arroyo Seco. In his 1912 tile catalog he stated that “this industry started as a back yard experiment, with a portable kiln having a capacity of one hundred and fifty 6 x 6 tiles.” This first catalog included a wide range of tile designs, from biblical to medieval to Renaissance to Art Nouveau, many based on illustrations produced by Batchelder himself.
The tiles themselves were created in a series of muted colors with a soft matte finish. This understated look was appropriate for Craftsman architecture. Batchelder tiles grew in popularity and the company soon outgrew the backyard kiln.
Several of his famous commissions were The Dutch Chocolate Shop, Los Angeles, California, in 1914; Our Lady of Victory Chapel, St. Catherine’s College, St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1923; and the Lobby of the Fine Arts Building, Los Angeles, California, 1925.
Though several large commercial installations were attributed to him, most of his tile can be found in the many Arts and Crafts homes of the time period (1909-1932) when his tile was produced. With catalogs, advertisements, and showrooms in major US cities, Ernest Batchelder sold his tiles to homeowners around the country. Through catalog sales his tiles could be sent in numbered order with instructions, referred to as the “Design-O-Log”, for builders to install themselves, thus seeing many Ernest Batchelder installations (predominantly fireplaces) in homes around the country. It is thought that this is how the Ernest Batchelder fireplace came to be in the main living area of the Thomas Whitaker Museum.
Speaking of fireplaces, Ernest Batchelder said: “A fireplace is not a luxury, it is a necessity because it adds to the joy and beauty of living. In fact, it might be said that we do not make tiles! We make fireplaces, each tile a unit in a thoughtful scheme.”
Bathtub
This is the bathtub of a gentleman. Thomas Whitaker was raised as a gentleman and so he bathed daily, which was not the normal practice of most people living in Utah. Houses did not have running water; it had to be pumped or pulled up from a well, hauled inside, and used for everything from baking to cleaning. Most people bathed once a week, usually on Saturday evenings in preparation for Sunday service. The unpleasant tradition was that everyone in the family shared the same tub of water. The oldest member of the family bathed first; most often this was the father. Each family member bathed after the father, down through the children and finally the youngest. This is where the saying “don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater” originated.
In Germany it was common to sew children into their wool underwear in the fall, only allowing an opening at the head, hands, feet and hind end. The underwear was then removed when spring and warm weather returned. It was believed that getting cold made one sick.
Bed
The reason for a shorter bed in early Europe and America
There are many reasons that pioneers who immigrated from Europe slept sitting up. Some of these reasons were that fresh air is lighter than bad air, leading to the belief that sleeping sitting up was healthier than lying down. Another reason was to allow the organs of the body to have room for proper function, aiding in better health. Another was that it prevents pneumonia and aids in relief from lung ailments such as asthma.
Whether this is fact or myth, the bed you are viewing in the master bedroom was lengthened by 6 inches to allow the sleeper to stretch out full-length for sleep. The story of sleeping upright with pillows to prevent chest ailments was passed on with the bed’s provenance.
The fascinating thing about sleep in the 18th century is that it was two-part. It was quite common for people to spend time in a short period of sleep followed by a period of wakefulness (used for prayer, reading, writing, talking, even visiting friends), followed by a longer period of sleep.
Boulder
Floods
Centerville suffered from two major floods, one in 1923 and the other in 1930. Centerville sits below 4 large mountain canyons.
The Flood of August 1923: This flood wreaked havoc in both Centerville and Farmington, even causing loss of life. Geologists claimed that the severity of this flood exceeded anything that had occurred since the recession of Lake Bonneville thousands of years earlier. Five people camping in Farmington Canyon lost their lives in this flood. It was caused by overgrazing in the mountains, compacting of the soil by animals, and burning large areas of brush to prevent sheep from snagging their wool. Very little vegetation was left to hold the water to help it absorb into the soil. Then heavy rainfall came. The water accumulated and ran, liquefying the soil in the canyon. Then it all came down the narrow canyons bringing rocks, trees and brush with it. The rush of water and debris became a destructive force, destroying everything in its path. Flood crests were 75 to 100 feet high and 200 feet across. Patrons of Lagoon amusement park were rescued from trees and roofs that they had climbed to escape rising waters. Crops were ruined. The Lincoln Highway (now US 89) was blocked by as much as six feet of mud.
The 1930 Flood: Just 6 days after the 4th of July celebration in 1930 an enormous and prolonged cloud burst dumped a deluge of water on the Wasatch Mountains. Parrish Canyon became a torrent of rolling water pushing huge rocks out the mouth of the canyon. Elephant-sized boulders came tumbling down from the canyon, some settling on the Bamberger tracks. The largest boulder was reported to weigh 300 tons. Some of these boulders were later moved to Centerville Elementary school to shore up the east side against future floods. The road to the Parrish Mine was destroyed, which led to the closure of the operation. The loss of jobs for many men in Centerville, coupled with the Depression, was particularly devastating. Several houses were washed away in the flood, but only one near-fatality took place when Mr. Hughes had to be rescued from a telephone pole after refusing to leave his home.
These floods led to a change of mountain ownership. The Forest Service purchased land from many ranchers and implemented protection and management. The Civilian Conservation Corp (the CCC) provided two services: 1) it provided work for young men during the Depression, and 2) it produced watersheds, terraced mountainsides, planted trees and grass to rejuvenate growth of the mountain flora. Roads and trails were created to beautify the backcountry of Centerville. Fresh water dikes east of the Great Salt Lake were built for waterfowl preservation.
The large boulder shown here was washed down Parrish Canyon during one of the early floods. The boulder was uncovered while the street department was working on laying water pipes and moved to the museum so patrons can see the power of flood water rushing down a canyon. The largest boulder, and there were many, was the size of an elephant.
1983: Near the end of May 1983, the weather suddenly turned very hot. The heavy snowfalls of the winter quickly melted and became uncontrollable rivers of mountainous water. As these waters reached the valley floors they instantly spread into huge alluvial fans, destroying everything in their path. The waters tore out culverts and uprooted trees. The debris formed dams as it was washed down the mountainside. By Memorial Day, what were once small streams became raging rivers out of control. Homes were threatened, yards were destroyed, and some streets were impassable because of the water that created its own path. The path of destruction could not be controlled or diverted even with heavy equipment. Hundreds of volunteers were called in. Centerville residents gathered to volunteer. Around the clock they sandbagged, as well as dug out basements filled to the ceiling with muck. Miraculously, no lives were lost. Neighbor helped neighbor, without compensation of any kind, and stranger helped stranger with a smile.
Boulder
Winds
Centerville is no stranger to severe winds. Our four canyons to the east create wind tunnels that strongly intensify the wind.
February 1864: One of the earliest accounts of such a wind in the new settlement of Centerville occurred in February of 1864. John Rigby set off for Salt Lake City to acquire medicine for his infant son. During his return trip a severe east wind prevented his return home, and he stayed with a family in Bountiful for the night. As he prepared to leave the next morning, he found his team of horses had frozen to death. He finished his journey on foot. When Rigby reached the Co-Op in Centerville, he met William Ford. Ford had been heading to the store to purchase a coffin for John Rigby’s wife and infant son. During the night, Elizabeth Rigby had become frightened by the wind and feared the roof would blow off. She bundled up herself and her infant and headed for the neighbors. The wind was so strong it blew Elizabeth and her infant into the fence, and the force of the wind held them fast and they froze to death.
1909 & 1931: The first dance hall in the area was built in Centerville in 1904 by Moses P. and Mary Rockwood. Alberta Hall was used for many activities, dances, basketball games, Christmas programs, movies, roller skating. A strong easterly wind tore the roof off and blew the front of the building in. The Rockwoods rebuilt, but in 1931 another east wind leveled the building. This time the damage was too great to salvage anything and Alberta Hall was but a memory.
October 30, 1959: 84 mph winds knocked down Ron Randall’s Service Station for a second time (the east wall of the original station was blown down in a strong wind years earlier). The present station was rebuilt in 1960.
February 15, 1963: Centerville’s east winds strike again. Award-winning Smoot Dairy was destroyed by fire after an east wind blew over an electrical transformer. The fire became one of the worst fires recorded in Davis County history. Again, Centerville’s community spirit was put into action and all able-bodied men and boys helped with cleanup and reconstruction, allowing the dairy to reopen within a few months.
December 1, 2011: The area received 102 mph winds, equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane. Roofs were blown off businesses and homes. Semi-trucks blew over and the state curtailed travel on the highways through Davis County. “In one sector of the city, at the north end, 100 percent of the homes had damage," according to city police. 40% of homes were without power, some for days. Travel trailers and trampolines were blown down streets, resembling abandoned paper cups. Residents were asked to stay home as the windows of many cars driving down Parrish Lane and Main Street were shattered by flying debris. The National Guard, business owners, churches, and residents worked together to clean up the damage. What looked like a war-torn city was quickly returned to a beautiful community.
Labor Day Weekend 2020: Yet another major windstorm came to Centerville with 97 mph wind. Hundreds of mature trees were no match against the insistent gale forces. Many blew flat to the ground with their entire root system unearthed. Large pieces of sidewalk came up, too. Power outages lasted up to 14 days in some areas.
Violent Winds over 80 mph Recorded in Centerville: February 1910, January 1916, November 1964, May 1970, February 1971, October 1971, April 1973, March 1977, November 1978, January 1980, April 1983, February 1986, October 1986, March 1988, December 1988, December 2011, and Labor Day in 2020.
Charles Duncan
Charles Duncan was a gifted stone mason from Scotland. He and his family saved and planned to come to America for religious freedom. The Duncans felt that their dream was coming close to fruition, when tragedy hit. Charles' arm was crushed between two large rocks. Doctors said they would have to amputate his arm; it was just too greatly injured to heal. Charles felt his life had no point and told the doctors he would rather die than have his arm amputated. His hands were his livelihood, and he could not bear not being able to provide for his family.
Doctors announced that gangrene had set in, and he would lose his arm within days or die. Charles knew his wife would not embark on the journey without him, so he withheld this information from her and boarded the ship. The first evening on the ship Charles took to his bed and Margaret, his wife, prayed for help. The answer came to her in clear detail. Charles was wrapped in heavy woolen quilts, leaving only the injured arm free. He was then placed in a lifeboat and securely fastened in. Charles was frightened and sure he would drown at sea, so Margaret entered the boat with him. She removed the bandages from his arm and lowered it into the water. His injured arm was left hanging over the side of the boat allowing cold salt water to wash over it. The treatment was repeated day after day, and upon arrival in New Orleans, his arm was completely healed to the point he helped the other men unload the ship.
Closet
It is said that closets were uncommon in the 18th and 19th centuries because people would have to pay a tax based on the number of rooms in their house. Closets were considered a room for the purpose of this tax, making your closet the most expensive room in the house. To avoid paying that tax people would not put closets in their homes.
This is actually false.
There are four closets in the Whitaker Museum, including this master bedroom closet. Most closets were not used for clothing during this time; they were most likely used for storage. People kept their clothes in a chest, clothes press, or chest of drawers. Also, most people did not have enough clothes to need a closet. Even a wealthy woman would only have a few dresses. Closets were just not needed.
Coffin Grand Piano
In the mid to late 19th century, there was a musical development: the square grand piano. They are sometimes referred to as “coffin pianos” because when they are closed, they look like a coffin. These pianos are certainly distinct in their appearance but technically they are inferior instruments. Instead of aligning the strings with the keys, like a traditional piano, they are perpendicular. This means that the keys on one end of the keyboard are much longer than the keys on the other end of the keyboard. The part of the keys that are longer and shorter are behind the fallboard, not the part you see unless you remove the action—otherwise it appears as a normal keyboard to the player.
For nearly 150 years, Square/Box Grand Pianos were the piano of choice in both America and Europe, yet very few people today have ever seen one.
One of the earliest pianos was brought to Utah by Abraham Hunsaker. He lived on the outskirts of Nauvoo when the Mormons arrived and settled there. Abraham soon joined the church. Because he lived outside the city, he got top money for his property when the saints were forced to leave. He started for the Salt Lake Valley with eight wagons loaded with supplies and with a number of cattle. But as others needed supplies, he gave his away. He arrived in Salt Lake with nearly empty wagons.
Brigham Young encouraged ‘social halls’ to be constructed if not in every town then every few towns, and social events would be held on a regular basis. The land was rough, hard work was a daily requirement, and the need for fun and gathering was a need. Plays, dances and dinners were held often.
The arts were important to the early pioneers, and after living in the valley for some time, Hunsaker decided he needed a piano and went back East to get it. He got as far as eastern Wyoming, when for some unknown reason he buried the piano, wrapping it four-deep with buffalo robes using the fur side to cushion the piano. A year later, Hunsaker went back to get the piano. It is one of three known pianos brought by pioneers that were buried along the way and retrieved later.
The Box Grand that you are viewing was owned by the Isaac Chase family and was transported across the plains in a wagon, but made the journey without any known trouble. To transport the piano, which is more than 6 feet long and 3 feet wide, they had to take off the legs so the body could sit flat in the wagon bed.
Isaac Chase, a successful miller from New York, was the original owner of Liberty Park in Salt Lake City, Utah, which dates back to 1847. Chase was assigned a plot of land in the original “Big Field Survey” of 1847, which distributed farm plots to the first settlers of the Salt Lake Valley. He built a mill on the property between 1847 and 1852, which became well known during the famine of 1856-1857 when it provided free flour to the valley’s residents. The mill is still standing today as a historic monument in the park and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1859, Chase gave the land to Brigham Young in exchange for the Thurston cabin and property in Centerville, naming it Chase Park. Young became the owner of the Chase Farm and Mill in 1860. He added trees to the property, including cottonwood and mulberry, and in 1881 Salt Lake City purchased the land from Young’s estate. The park was officially opened as Liberty Park on June 17, 1882, and the entire 110 acres were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Liberty Park is considered Utah’s best example of a “central park” in the style of New York City’s Central Park. Today, the park is a popular spot for Salt Lake City residents and features shade trees, flowers, lakes, playgrounds, tennis courts, and the Tracy Aviary, one of the largest and oldest free-standing aviaries in the United States.
When the Chase Liberty Park Home became a museum they gifted Isaac Chase’s box grand to the Whitaker (Centerville’s Heritage Museum) as the Chase family made Centerville their home. The Chase Home Museum of Utah Folk Arts also has information about the history of Liberty Park, the Chase family, and the Chase Home.
Cornerstone
History of the Home
From a mere handful of families clustered along the banks of a stream in 1847-1848 to the thriving city of more than 18,000 in 2020, this is Centerville.
A house is thought to claim property and provide shelter and protection. To those who reside there, it becomes a “home”.
Soon after relocating, many settlers constructed log homes using timber from the mountains located nearby. They were built for shelter and survival and consisted of one or two rooms and a fireplace for cooking and warmth. One of the original cabins built in the settlement remains today and can be seen on the corner of 975 North and Main. It was built by Thomas and Rosetta Thurston on their 80-acre farm in 1849. The small cabin housed them and their ten children.
As the settlement became established, more substantial homes were built. One resource is prevalent in this land: stones. Stone homes were common and became popular in early Mormon culture. The Whitaker home follows the same design. It is a symmetrical façade with simple ornamentation, two rooms over two rooms being divided by a central passageway. Some of the most influential stone masons in the settlement were Charles Duncan and his sons, John, Archibald, and Charles Jr. They built homes, buildings, and culverts throughout the territory. Charles was such a talented craftsman that if you put your nose to the corner of the house and look straight on to the other side of the home, you will see a flush wall as straight as an arrow. His only tool of measurement was a spike and a string. Another trademark of a Duncan house was the granite or sandstone quoins or cornerstones of his structures. These cornerstones were gathered from the discard pile during the construction of the Salt Lake Temple. Visit the museum to find out how, and who purchased these unique architectural features desired for their home.
Gold in Them Thar Hills
By the 1857 Gold Rush, prospectors had spread into the Centerville range. Many claims were filed, but only a few miners experienced success as they dug mines and blasted away at the rock in the Centerville canyons. A.L. Buckland and John O’Donovan were two of those. For 25 years, A.L. Buckland led a mining effort that covered over 500 acres in the Centerville mountains. He discovered veins of copper with some gold and silver mixed in. He formed the Buckland Mining and Development Company. The camp had a sawmill, blacksmith shop, bunkhouse, and a water wheel built on Parrish Creek. At its peak, the company employed 67 people. The mine closed in 1923 after destruction from a major flood.
John O’Donovan was a prospector and miner who filed a claim on a mine above Deuel Creek in the mountains east of Centerville. When he decided to leave the area in 1907, he sold the mine claim to Georgie Evans, who worked the mine for many years. Georgie built a cabin, storage sheds, and horse corrals near the mine, where he lived until 1940.
In 1883, two Centerville residents, Ephraim Garn and George Chase, established the Lake Shore Resort, a swimming resort on the west side of town. While digging for artesian wells to supply water for the showers, they hit an underground pool of natural gas. The supply of natural gas looked promising, so the American Gas Company bought the rights to supply gas for street lighting in Salt Lake City. The wells only produced gas for six years.
Several sand and gravel mines—more commonly called pits—have operated in the Centerville foothills over the years. Hart Mine was in south Centerville, and the Rockwood pit mine operated at the top of Chase Lane. Joseph Kjar owned a pit mine in north Centerville commonly called Joe’s Hole. Parson’s Construction owned a pit mine on the north end of Centerville. Residential developments now occupy the land where the pit mines once operated.
Herb Garden
Culinary and Medicinal Herbs
The useful properties of herbs were discovered centuries ago by observing what parts of certain plants would be eaten by sick animals. Archaeological research has shown that humans were using herbs thousands of years ago. Indigenous peoples collectively used more than 1,000 different plants for food and medicine. 400 different indigenous species of plants were used for medicinal applications.
Culinary herb plants are aromatic and used to add flavor to food. These include thyme, marjoram, winter savory, and sage. Their clean scents made these herbs desirable. Anything that smelled clean was thought to promote good health. Herbs, second only to salt, make the difference between a meal to be enjoyed and food for survival. There was a time when salt was worth more than money. Salt cellars and caskets were guarded with locks to prevent them from being stolen.
When the pioneers settled in the Salt Lake Valley it was described as a “sterile waste place, glistening with beds of salt, soda and deadly alkaline.” Explorer Jim Bridger offered to pay Brigham Young $1,000 cash for the first bushel of corn produced in the valley. Immigrants were encouraged to bring many different plants from their native lands to try in this area. Missionaries traveling to foreign countries also returned with seeds and cuttings that could be grown in intermountain farms or in gardens. Some herbs not native this area are dandelion, tansy, burdock, catnip, and spearmint.
Frost, crickets, and other problems made the early years very precarious. Many plants that we now battle each summer and refer to as weeds played a large part in the survival of the first settlers. Redroot pigweed, with its radish-flavored root and succulent leaves, saved many lives. Goosefoot (or lambsquarters) were used as we now eat spinach: cooked with a bit of ham or raw in a salad. Thistles sustained many pioneers in the early years. One pioneer wrote, “I used to eat thistle stalks until my stomach would be as full as a cow’s.” Young stinging nettle leaves were also used as greens. Cooking destroys the irritants. Care must be taken as this plant (as well as others) can become toxic when mature. Greasewood sprouts were another that fed the pioneers when young, but could cause kidney stones if eaten when mature. Camas bulbs (for which Kamas, Utah is named) are good cooked, but if undercooked they could upset the stomach. Pioneer journals record camas as the ‘Mighty Wind’. Great care had to be taken when foraging the bulbs because they grew near the death camas, which is poisonous.
Gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries, and currants grew in the mountains and were highly prized. Chokecherries were a favorite for preserves and jellies. Ground cherries (related to tomatoes) were collected after the first frost and made into jam.
The ephedra plant (not to be mistaken for its Chinese cousin) is known by many names and used for many purposes. Also called ‘Mormon Tea’, or ‘Brigham Tea’, it is a coarse green shrub that grows in the desert. The pioneers drank it as a hot drink, but it was also used to treat runny noses as it is an antihistamine. Many believe it tastes like dirty socks and causes bad breath, but records say, “Put enough sugar and cream in and it tastes splendid.”
Most benefits of herbs were stumbled upon as the following account tells:
“One day I discovered a plant with singular branches and pods .... I had the curiosity to pick some of the pods and chew them; the taste and operation produced was so remarkable that I never forgot it. I afterwards used to induce boys to chew it merely by way of sport, to see them vomit. This plant, lobelia, became Dr. Thomson's emetic herb.” - Willard Richards
Herb Garden
Herbs for Dyes
In pioneer days knitting clothing was almost a necessity. Not that commercial articles were not available via catalogs and trading posts, but they cost more than the home-produced article, and “cash money” was sorely needed for other things. Additionally, the yarn in knitted clothing could be unraveled when holes could no longer be darned and recycled by re-knitting. Many pioneer women made their own dyes from native vegetable materials, which cost nothing but infinite patience and some careful work.
Herbs would be gathered into bundles, then washed thoroughly before beginning the dye process. Two quarts of fresh flowers, leaves, or roots could generally dye a pound of yarn. Herbs were soaked in rainwater overnight. Well water had minerals and chemicals that could react with the dyes. Dyes were boiled in large pots for up to 4 hours.
Dyes “take” better after a process known as mordanting, which also helps set the color and makes it more fade-proof as well as enriches the color. Pioneers used mordanting agents they readily had, such as vinegar, ammonia, cream of tartar, and alum. Indigenous people used urine and salt that was in abundance from the Great Salt Lake. Readily-available herbs and plants in the area made beautiful dyes to add variety to the textiles of the early settlers.
Mountain News
United Airline
On a stormy day late in 1940, Centerville's mountains made the news. On November 4, the Deseret News ran a lead article reporting a tragic plane crash that occurred in the mountains east of the community. It was in a densely wooded section on Thurston Mountain, five miles east of Centerville, that a United Air mainliner crashed. It broke apart on impact, taking the lives of its seven passengers and a crew of three. They were also carrying 213 pounds of mail. It was determined that the accident was unavoidable due to poor weather conditions and failure of the range or radio beam. All lives met instant death. Judge Rigby received the call telling of the accident. He immediately acted and oversaw the rescue effort from start to finish. The plane was in such a location that it could not be seen.
Donny Duncan climbed a tall pine tree to locate the wreckage. William A. McIlraith, the town marshal, was the first to arrive at the crash. He deputized six young men to guard the area until American airline officials could arrive. Donny Duncan, Merrill Perkins, DeWayne Randall, Atheh Rollins, Reggie Coles, Wilford Sparks, and Bill Evans were asked to help watch over the wreck site and help carry the victims down the mountain on the backs of their horses. DeWayne “Pork” Randall, a WWII pilot, said that this experience caused him many sleepless nights. Leo Turner, from Smoot Dairy, helped with the effort by piloting Dr. Beacamon, a physician, to the scene. The bodies of the victims were taken to Smoot Dairy where they were stored in cool storage until they were transported to various mortuaries. Because of Smoot Dairy’s support during this time, United Airlines began purchasing milk for their flights from them.
Piper Cub Crash 1949
In the upper southeast hillside of Centerville Canyon, a Piper Cub aircraft crashed into the side of the mountain. Lost and disoriented in a snowstorm, the pilot was unable to clear the rim of the mountain and crashed with the fuselage pointing uphill. The pilot was badly hurt with internal injuries. His passenger had a broken leg. Because of the severe weather and their injuries, they gathered wood for a fire and made shelter under the wing of the damaged plane and waited for rescuers. None came, as no one knew of the downed plane in Centerville Canyon.
On the third day, as the pilot’s injuries showed sure demise if help did not come, the passenger did his best to secure a better shelter and a big fire for the pilot and began the long trek down a rugged mountain by following Centerville Creek. He found George Miles at his home, who summoned Deputy Sheriff Arch Peterson. Peterson asked Ron Randall and Richard Pettit, both 17 at the time, to get their horses and help him get to the accident site. The snow was so deep that the horses had to be left behind. They finished the rest of the way on foot. Sadly, the fire was cold, and despite the pilot's warm leather gear, he had succumbed to his injuries and the elements.
A few weeks after the crash, Ron Randall and Richard Pettit, believing that the plane was wrecked beyond repair, thought it would be great to have an airplane engine. They hiked back up to the crash and disconnected the engine. They decided to come back and drag the engine down the mountain the following week, but to their dismay, upon their return they found that someone else had stolen the plane’s engine.
Mountains
Watching over the east boundary of Centerville stands 3.3 miles of the Mighty Wasatch Range. These mountains have played a key role for the indigenous people and the settlers to arrive in the territory. Timber for cabins, corrals, barns, and firewood was harvested from the foothills and canyons. Spring-fed streams provided clean water for homes, gardens, and crops. Wildlife, abundant in the mountains, provided a necessary food source. Pioneer journal entries record an abundance of spruce, pines, and fir trees extending up into the canyons. Cottonwood, birch, and poplar trees grew abundantly in the foothills along the streams, much as they do today. The mountains still service the residents of Centerville in abundant ways, providing areas for hiking, hunting, and exploring. Each morning a beautiful sunrise comes over the mountains in the east. Each evening a picturesque sunset is on display over Antelope Island on the west.
What’s in a name?
Centerville is home to five major mountains. Big Mountain is marked with a ‘V’ for Viewmont High School. Hog’s Back Mountain greets everyone who travels east on Parrish Lane and watches over the old town. Jake Winters Mountain lies north of Parrish Creek, Thurston Mountain lies between Barnard Creek and Ricks Creek, and Rigby Mountain rises above north Centerville and Bountiful Peak.
Six streams run through the mountains: Deuel Creek, Parrish Creek, Barnard Creek, Ricks Creek, Lone Pine Creek, and Davis Creek.
Six canyons can be found between the mountains: Ward Canyon, Upper Centerville Canyon, Parrish Canyon, Garn Canyon, Upper Ford Canyon, and Lone Pine Canyon. There are also three hollows: Twin Hollows, Wolf Hollow, and Gold Mine Hollow. The difference between a canyon and a hollow is that the hollow has no stream or creek flowing through it.
The gradual sloping of the foothills, created by erosion of ancient Lake Bonneville, are deceiving. Beyond them lies a steep and rugged range. The beautiful Centerville Mountains extend six and one-third miles to the Wasatch Ridge. The front points of the mountains average 1900 feet. The highest point is Bountiful Peak at 9269 feet above sea level. The eastern border of the Centerville mountains is the Wasatch Ridge, dropping off to Morgan on the other side.
Rock Formations
Sheep Rock, one of the most striking sites located in the Centerville Mountains, is visited each year by numerous hikers and youth groups. This large rock is estimated to be about 38 feet tall and nearly 30 feet wide. Glowing white, it is easily spotted from anywhere in the city below.
Rhino Point is located on the face of Hogs Back Mountain. This rock stands vertically like the horn on a Rhinoceros.
The petrified tree or Roman column is in Wolf Hollow, just south of the Rifle Range.
Crevice Rock comes out from the edge of the mountain east of the Deuel Creek stream, and is another interesting formation to see.
The Devil’s Chair, in Wolf Hollow, is a half mile above the Firebreak Road. It is probably the most visited, next to Sheep Rock, by the youth of Centerville.
Legend of Devil’s Chair
There is a legend regarding the “Devil’s Chair” situated in the mountains east of the community. Some say that if you sit in the seat of the chair and curse, the chair will “burn your behind.” A Centerville resident, Phil Sessions, tells of his experience as a youth. He and a friend rode their horses up to the “chair” one summer morning with the intent to give it a test. With anxious anticipation, the two hiked down to the chair and Phil cautiously lowered himself into it. Seated firmly and squaring his shoulders, Phil cut loose with his best efforts of cussing, yelling and cursing. Fortunately (or maybe unfortunately) nothing happened. He tried it again, but no change. Perhaps he didn’t do it right.
Pictographs
Along Parrish Creek there are writings on the rock cliffs. Before settlers arrived, the Shoshone Indians came to the area each year to harvest fruits, berries, and wild rice, along with wild birds, so some claim that the writings are Indian petroglyphs.
Self Portrait of Thomas Whitaker
Thomas was raised in a home of privilege. His family was from Rotherhithe, England and made their fortune in shipping for the British Navy. Thomas and his sister were taught by tutors in the fine arts, languages, music, penmanship, and painting. Thomas painted this portrait of himself in his early twenties, using a looking glass.
Summer Kitchen
Used primarily in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the summer kitchen had several practical uses. At its most basic level, the outbuilding physically separated hot kitchen activities from the rest of the house during the warmer months. People would disassemble their coal or wood cook stove and move it into the summer kitchen when the weather got hot. It was all an effort to keep the house as cool as possible. The summer kitchen also helped to keep cooking smells away from the main living area. The physical separation of a lit stove from the house reduced the risk of house fires.
The summer kitchens also served as a year-round location to do smelly chores like laundry, dying fibers, and preserving food and game for winter storage. Summer kitchens were not set up like the kitchen in the main house. The space was kept quite clear, usually featuring a table pushed against the wall that could be used as either a workspace or a regular kitchen table. There may have been a rack for drying clothes or herbs, but most of the furnishings in the space would be entirely portable and temporary. Although food would be prepped in the kitchen, it would not be stored there.
Pails of water were brought in from the well for home use. Clothes were washed in a tin tub and the same tub was used for bathing on Saturday night. Used water was poured on the kitchen and flower garden right outside the back door. Water was heated over the wood stove or cauldron in a yard fire pit.
Textiles
Birth of a Textile
Brigham Young sent pioneers who had come from the southern states to St. George to grow cotton. Because the climate mimicked the South the area became known as ‘Dixie’. In an earlier mission to Manchester England, Brigham Young was exposed to the manufacture of silk. Thus, he said to the pioneers:
“I wish to see this people manufacture their own clothing, ... I want to see the people wear hats, boots, coats, etc., made by ourselves, as good as ever was made in any country."
The expense of shipping goods twelve hundred miles from Midwest markets to Utah was a significant factor in the rally for economic independence.
Sericulture
Utah’s silk industry spanned a half century, from 1855 to 1905. Industry was the hallmark of early pioneers in Utah. Brigham Young encouraged the people to begin raising silkworms, beginning the Sericulture Industry in Utah. Thomas Whitaker raised silkworms as a hobby during his youth in England, and undertook the endeavor here. The older girls and women wore small cloth pouches inside the bodice of their dresses to incubate the eggs. When the eggs hatched the silkworms had to be immediately removed and placed on the racks with mulberry leaves, their food source, and cared for continually 24 hours a day. In an 1860s era Deseret News article an account of several women getting up and leaving during the LDS conference noted, “Their eggs were hatching”. The stench of silkworms was so bad that husbands and sons would sleep in the barn.
Back east, Susan B. Anthony received a gift for her eightieth birthday. The women of Utah presented her with a handmade—but elegant—black silk dress. Susan, the leader of the National Woman Suffrage Association, cherished it as a token of the friendship and admiration she had for the women in Utah.
Elizabeth Whitaker used ‘reeled’ silk to make a vest and cravat for Brigham Young. Brigham Young was so impressed with the gift that he came to Centerville and complimented Thomas on the productivity of his household, then encouraged them to increase their productivity. Elizabeth declined.
Silkworms thrive on the leaves of mulberry trees. Thus, one or two trees were planted in the yard of those that raised silkworms. Mulberry trees expanded into the groves in many northern Utah towns until they gave way to urban development.
Sericulture was practiced throughout the state of Utah, including a factory in downtown Salt Lake City, and St. George, Utah. The completion of the East-West Rail Line ended the Sericulture industry in Utah. It was much easier to have silks brought in from San Francisco.
Thomas Whitaker Property
When Thomas Whitaker first moved with his young bride Elizabeth to Centerville, he purchased six acres, cultivating and planting most of it in fruit trees. John Whitaker, a son, recalled that the land was “planted with the choicest fruits, raised and budded on the lot by Thomas William Whitaker and his children.”
Thomas was not only a farmer, but a noted horticulturalist as well as Centerville’s first nurseryman. He grew eight varieties of apples, as well as apricots, cherries, cling peaches, and pears. As they matured, the trees budded and grafted. Whitaker also grew mulberries, grapes, wild Potawatomi and blue plums, red and yellow currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and strawberries. As a nurseryman, he also sold shade trees, shrubs, and rose bushes, as well as beautiful flowers. The Whitaker property was beautiful to behold.
Views to the West
A cherished reward from hiking or driving to the top of the mountains east of Centerville is the exquisite view of the lake. Antelope island is visible from one end to the other, forming the horizon in the west. The patchwork of islands and waters express the mood of the day. On a bright, sunny day the water is aqua blue, while in a brilliant autumn sunset, the water shimmers in gold. Likewise, the color of the island changes from tan to gray to dark blue. At times, lightning dances off the island. As the sun sets over the lake and Antelope Island, the skies light up with a radiant display of color. Burning orange to red. There is a magical moment just as the sun slips below the western horizon. The clouds, the lake and the mountains seem to rejoice together as they are painted in glorious color. Mother Nature uses a palette of endless hues as she paints the ever-changing views to be seen from the Centerville mountains.
Water Pump
Nothing Without Water
The history of water in the location that became Centerville began thousands of years ago when Lake Bonneville covered all of the Wasatch Front. The Great Salt Lake, west of Centerville, is all that remains of this massive lake that left in its wake the wonderful, nutrient-rich soil suitable for farming and habitation. Water is fundamental for survival and Centerville is home to four mountain streams, approximately one-half mile apart. From South to North you will find Deuel Creek, Parrish Creek, Ricks Creek, and Barnard Creek, which gave ready access to the early settlers and livestock in the area. Fresh water springs were found on the hillside and in the canyons and were quickly claimed by families for personal use. Today three of these springs are still used. Duncan Springs, above north Centerville, is owned and used by the city for municipal purposes, and the Devore Springs, also above north Centerville, is still used by the original family. Georgie’s Spring is located up Centerville Canyon on the south side and was used by early miners who developed a copper mine in the hillside. Centerville City has a map showing the many streams and springs located in the hills of Centerville.
Originally, water was hauled from streams to the house for use. The further you lived from the hills the more difficult it was to collect clean water. In 1885, Hyrum Smith dug the first artesian well in Centerville to obtain clean potable water for his family. The artesian well allowed water to rise to the surface within itself due to underground pressure. Others dug wells near their homes. Wells were 5 feet in diameter, and however deep they needed to be to reach water. The walls were lined with rocks or bricks, and a bucket was used to draw the water to the surface for use. This water was cold because it came from deep below the surface. When iron pipes became available, artesian wells were constructed out of pipe to allow the flow of water to be stopped, preventing the waste of water. However, the water from these pipes tended to have a very strong iron taste. Though many of the wells and springs were free-flowing, by the end of summer most dried up, which was problematic.
Mills
Two Grist Mills were built in the early days of Centerville. In 1848 Samuel Parrish built a mill on Deuel Creek. In 1866 Anson Call built the ‘Rock Mill’, located on Deuel Creek. One sawmill, constructed and owned by John Rigby on Ricks Creek, was built during the early years of the Centerville Settlement. The mills used the water to run the grinding stones or the saws, and then the water was dumped back into the streams allowing for use further downstream. Streams were dammed to create a pond. These ponds and the Streeper's Pond were used to irrigate fields, produce ice during the winter for use in the summer, baptisms by the Latter-day Saints, and swimming.
Reservoirs
Due to the possibility of ponds and streams drying up by the end of the summer or possible drought years, the construction of reservoirs allowed for the collection and use of water on demand. Reservoirs were built on many private properties in Centerville. Some were dug directly out of the earth; others were made of poured cement. Water was collected from springs or artesian wells, and diverted from the four streams. Some popular reservoirs in Centerville were Wayne Smith reservoir at 400 North and 200 West, Clarence and John Backman reservoir at Chase Lane and 400 West, Sid Rose reservoir on east Pages Lane on the north side (Mr. Rose did not take kindly to swimmers), Folsom reservoir at 700 East and 300 North (a favorite swimming hole for the youth in the area), and The Witcher reservoir located on the Southeast corner of the cemetery, which was surrounded by a high fence and wire to deter all swimmers.
There were no pools close to Centerville and summer became very hot, so the children of Centerville swam in the ponds, though they preferred the reservoirs because they were cemented and the water was clean. The Smith reservoir was a favorite; it was fed by a spring and the water was clear and cold. The boys swam in the buff, so days were designated “boys’ day”, and “girls’ day”. Smith reservoir was very close to the Bamberger tracks, so the swimmers would climb out of the cold water and lay on the tracks to dry off and warm up. When the train was coming the boys would run and jump into the water because they swam “au naturel” and did not want the passengers to get an unexpected show.
Reservoirs were drained so the muck and debris could be cleaned out and refilled. There is a story of a group of young men who wanted to go on a late-night swim one hot summer evening in the 1920s-1940s. To reach the Smith reservoir, they parked their vehicle on Parrish Lane, then went down a dirt road, and skirted the edges of the fields to water. ‘Red’ Tingey raced toward the reservoir, dropping his clothes as he went, and yelled to his friends, “Last one in is a rotten egg!” Red jumped in, but to his dismay, the water had been drained. Luckily, he was okay.
Waterfalls
Rick’s Creek Waterfall in Ford Canyon falls nearly 9 feet into a clear pool of water. Ribbon Falls is in Garn Canyon. The Chute is along Deuel Creek Trail. Monorock Falls can be found on the Barnard Creek Main Trail. Lower Barnard Falls is also on Barnard Creek by the dam. Rope Swing Falls is by the Deuel Creek Trail. Parrish Creek Falls is in the Parrish Canyon. Upper Deuel Falls is further up the Deuel Creek Canyon. Upper Double Falls is up the Ford Canyon Trail. These are some of the most popular falls. There are so many more to discover as you hike the trails of Centerville.
Wedding Dress
This raw silk wedding dress belonged to Mary Alice Whitaker Parrish, fourth child of Thomas and Elizabeth. Mary Alice made her wedding dress after the manner used by her mother, Elizabeth Mills Whitaker. She made this beautiful dress using the tools they learned during their cottage sericulture industry.
Wooden Pipes
Centerville was in need of a culinary water system. Residents above 300 East had to collect their water for drinking, cooking, and bathing from an open irrigation ditch when their watering turn came. One of Centerville’s first artesian wells is still used by many today. It is located at 200 South and 200 East and offers award-winning water free of fluoride and chlorine. To ensure steady service to the residents, a diversion stream called Paul Creek (off of Parrish Creek) was buried and diverted through a wire-wrapped wooden pipe system, bringing clean culinary water to the population.
By 1930, more water was needed to sustain its citizens and future growth of the city. An artificial lake was created on the face of Big Mountain. It was 15 feet deep at its deepest point, 2600 feet long, and 200 feet wide. The artificial lake was filled by Deuel Creek. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) workers helped build an earthen dike at the south end of the lake to help regulate the depth of water in it. It was fondly called “The Dike”. It had a rock spillway and when water hit a certain height it spilled over and drained into the lower part of Wolf Hollow, creating a runoff called Cobble Creek. "The Dike”, was a favorite recreation site for youth to fish and swim unrestrictedly. Some say it was a favorite place to take a moonlight stroll with a girlfriend.
Water Master
Rainfall was not sufficient for crops to thrive in the area, which was a major concern for the farmers in the area. Crops like potatoes, sugar beets, and turnips needed irrigation through September. Water became a coveted commodity and many fights have been fought over water rights. The incorporation of Centerville in 1915 qualified them for a $15,000 waterworks bond acquired from the Deuel Creek Irrigation Company, and the city built a reservoir to be owned by the landowner and not owned by the land. This being the case, water rights could be sold and bought separately from the land ownership.
In the beginning, when water could be diverted from the streams (and by whom) was controlled by ecclesiastical leaders of the predominant church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Samford Porter was selected as the first Water Master. William R. Smith became Water Master after Porter and served for many years. The Water Master had the responsibility to regulate the amount of water for each user and assure users each received their fair share. It was his job to designate the water turns and duration for each user in the community. In drought years the oldest water rights holders had priority on the limited supply. In 1957, the Weber Basin Water Project changed the dynamics and concerns for water for all the Wasatch Front.
Welcome to the Whitaker, Centerville’s Heritage Museum. This historic residence, now a museum, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. This limited virtual tour only portrays a portion of what life was like in the 1800s. To learn more, we invite you to visit the museum on Tuesdays from 10am to 6pm for a free personalized tour featuring fascinating and educational stories of early Centerville, Utah life.
To navigate this tour, click and drag to move around each photographed area. Clicking on info buttons will bring up text descriptions, photos, and audio narrations for the item.
Blue Needlepoint Chair
The chair was carved and constructed by Thomas Whitaker, who learned this art from the ship's carpenter while traveling the seas. The fine needlepoint was crafted by Elizabeth Mills Oakden Whitaker, for this home.
As winter nights were long and dark, women did handwork by lamplight or fireside, creating beautiful linens, tapestry, and much-needed mending.
Front Door Frame
The front door frame was crafted by Thomas W. Whitaker. Thomas built furniture, as well as many homes, churches, and businesses in the valley, specializing in carpentry.
Thomas learned these skills as an apprentice to the ship's carpenter during his sailing years, and they served him well throughout his life.
Pickle & Biscuit Jars
This silver-plated crystal pickle jar and porcelain biscuit (cookie) jar both belonged to Elizabeth Mills Oakden Whitaker’s mother, Elizabeth Demond Hall. The jars came with the Halls from the Isle of Man when they immigrated to the USA in 1842 on the ship Rochester, across the Atlantic, up the Mississippi to Nauvoo, IL, and then were transported across the plains to Salt Lake City in the David Wilkin Company in 1852.
Little room and distance allowed for only the most precious of possessions to be brought with the pioneers.
Settee
The Settee and Chair were carved and constructed by Thomas Whitaker, who learned this art from the ship's carpenter while traveling the seas.
His early training in ship building would also have helped him with furniture making. Many pioneers in early settlements made their living with their hands and industries they learned in apprenticeships or training during their youth. Until the Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1896, everything you owned was most likely produced by one’s own hands.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear former KSL host Grant Nielsen narrate this text.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Click below to hear this text narrated.
Welcome to the Whitaker, Centerville’s Heritage Museum. This historic residence, now a museum, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. This limited virtual tour only portrays a portion of what life was like in the 1800s. To learn more, we invite you to visit the museum on Tuesdays from 10am to 6pm for a free personalized tour featuring fascinating and educational stories of early Centerville, Utah life.
To navigate this tour, click and drag to move around each photographed area. Clicking on info buttons will bring up text descriptions, photos, and audio narrations for the item.
Batchelder Fireplace
Thomas and Elizabeth Whitaker's son Joseph and his wife Florence remodeled the home after purchasing it from Elizabeth in the 1920s. Some changes include the addition of an indoor bathroom, bedroom, garage and the beautiful Batchelder tile fireplace in the parlor.
Ernest Batchelder was born January 22, 1875, in New Hampshire to a family of bricklayers and carpenters. He trained as an art design teacher at the Massachusetts Normal Art School in Boston, Massachusetts. He was foremost an educator and began teaching design and drawing at Throop (pronounced “Troop”) Polytechnic Institute in Pasadena, California in 1902. In 1906 he was appointed Director of Art at Throop. From 1905 to 1909 he headed the Minneapolis Summer School of Design, in which he met many of the country’s leading Arts and Crafts artisans. This group of artisans taught embroidery, pottery, jewelry-making, metalwork and more. The school was short-lived, but many of these artists and designers went on to careers of renown.
He was a published author with articles about design appearing in publications such as Craftsman Magazine and the Inland Printer, with some of these articles later being turned into books.
In 1910, Batchelder began to produce tiles in the backyard of his home in Pasadena on the banks of the Arroyo Seco. In his 1912 tile catalog he stated that “this industry started as a back yard experiment, with a portable kiln having a capacity of one hundred and fifty 6 x 6 tiles.” This first catalog included a wide range of tile designs, from biblical to medieval to Renaissance to Art Nouveau, many based on illustrations produced by Batchelder himself.
The tiles themselves were created in a series of muted colors with a soft matte finish. This understated look was appropriate for Craftsman architecture. Batchelder tiles grew in popularity and the company soon outgrew the backyard kiln.
Several of his famous commissions were The Dutch Chocolate Shop, Los Angeles, California, in 1914; Our Lady of Victory Chapel, St. Catherine’s College, St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1923; and the Lobby of the Fine Arts Building, Los Angeles, California, 1925.
Though several large commercial installations were attributed to him, most of his tile can be found in the many Arts and Crafts homes of the time period (1909-1932) when his tile was produced. With catalogs, advertisements, and showrooms in major US cities, Ernest Batchelder sold his tiles to homeowners around the country. Through catalog sales his tiles could be sent in numbered order with instructions, referred to as the “Design-O-Log”, for builders to install themselves, thus seeing many Ernest Batchelder installations (predominantly fireplaces) in homes around the country. It is thought that this is how the Ernest Batchelder fireplace came to be in the main living area of the Thomas Whitaker Museum.
Speaking of fireplaces, Ernest Batchelder said: “A fireplace is not a luxury, it is a necessity because it adds to the joy and beauty of living. In fact, it might be said that we do not make tiles! We make fireplaces, each tile a unit in a thoughtful scheme.”
Bathtub
This is the bathtub of a gentleman. Thomas Whitaker was raised as a gentleman and so he bathed daily, which was not the normal practice of most people living in Utah. Houses did not have running water; it had to be pumped or pulled up from a well, hauled inside, and used for everything from baking to cleaning. Most people bathed once a week, usually on Saturday evenings in preparation for Sunday service. The unpleasant tradition was that everyone in the family shared the same tub of water. The oldest member of the family bathed first; most often this was the father. Each family member bathed after the father, down through the children and finally the youngest. This is where the saying “don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater” originated.
In Germany it was common to sew children into their wool underwear in the fall, only allowing an opening at the head, hands, feet and hind end. The underwear was then removed when spring and warm weather returned. It was believed that getting cold made one sick.
Bed
The reason for a shorter bed in early Europe and America
There are many reasons that pioneers who immigrated from Europe slept sitting up. Some of these reasons were that fresh air is lighter than bad air, leading to the belief that sleeping sitting up was healthier than lying down. Another reason was to allow the organs of the body to have room for proper function, aiding in better health. Another was that it prevents pneumonia and aids in relief from lung ailments such as asthma.
Whether this is fact or myth, the bed you are viewing in the master bedroom was lengthened by 6 inches to allow the sleeper to stretch out full-length for sleep. The story of sleeping upright with pillows to prevent chest ailments was passed on with the bed’s provenance.
The fascinating thing about sleep in the 18th century is that it was two-part. It was quite common for people to spend time in a short period of sleep followed by a period of wakefulness (used for prayer, reading, writing, talking, even visiting friends), followed by a longer period of sleep.
Boulder
Floods
Centerville suffered from two major floods, one in 1923 and the other in 1930. Centerville sits below 4 large mountain canyons.
The Flood of August 1923: This flood wreaked havoc in both Centerville and Farmington, even causing loss of life. Geologists claimed that the severity of this flood exceeded anything that had occurred since the recession of Lake Bonneville thousands of years earlier. Five people camping in Farmington Canyon lost their lives in this flood. It was caused by overgrazing in the mountains, compacting of the soil by animals, and burning large areas of brush to prevent sheep from snagging their wool. Very little vegetation was left to hold the water to help it absorb into the soil. Then heavy rainfall came. The water accumulated and ran, liquefying the soil in the canyon. Then it all came down the narrow canyons bringing rocks, trees and brush with it. The rush of water and debris became a destructive force, destroying everything in its path. Flood crests were 75 to 100 feet high and 200 feet across. Patrons of Lagoon amusement park were rescued from trees and roofs that they had climbed to escape rising waters. Crops were ruined. The Lincoln Highway (now US 89) was blocked by as much as six feet of mud.
The 1930 Flood: Just 6 days after the 4th of July celebration in 1930 an enormous and prolonged cloud burst dumped a deluge of water on the Wasatch Mountains. Parrish Canyon became a torrent of rolling water pushing huge rocks out the mouth of the canyon. Elephant-sized boulders came tumbling down from the canyon, some settling on the Bamberger tracks. The largest boulder was reported to weigh 300 tons. Some of these boulders were later moved to Centerville Elementary school to shore up the east side against future floods. The road to the Parrish Mine was destroyed, which led to the closure of the operation. The loss of jobs for many men in Centerville, coupled with the Depression, was particularly devastating. Several houses were washed away in the flood, but only one near-fatality took place when Mr. Hughes had to be rescued from a telephone pole after refusing to leave his home.
These floods led to a change of mountain ownership. The Forest Service purchased land from many ranchers and implemented protection and management. The Civilian Conservation Corp (the CCC) provided two services: 1) it provided work for young men during the Depression, and 2) it produced watersheds, terraced mountainsides, planted trees and grass to rejuvenate growth of the mountain flora. Roads and trails were created to beautify the backcountry of Centerville. Fresh water dikes east of the Great Salt Lake were built for waterfowl preservation.
The large boulder shown here was washed down Parrish Canyon during one of the early floods. The boulder was uncovered while the street department was working on laying water pipes and moved to the museum so patrons can see the power of flood water rushing down a canyon. The largest boulder, and there were many, was the size of an elephant.
1983: Near the end of May 1983, the weather suddenly turned very hot. The heavy snowfalls of the winter quickly melted and became uncontrollable rivers of mountainous water. As these waters reached the valley floors they instantly spread into huge alluvial fans, destroying everything in their path. The waters tore out culverts and uprooted trees. The debris formed dams as it was washed down the mountainside. By Memorial Day, what were once small streams became raging rivers out of control. Homes were threatened, yards were destroyed, and some streets were impassable because of the water that created its own path. The path of destruction could not be controlled or diverted even with heavy equipment. Hundreds of volunteers were called in. Centerville residents gathered to volunteer. Around the clock they sandbagged, as well as dug out basements filled to the ceiling with muck. Miraculously, no lives were lost. Neighbor helped neighbor, without compensation of any kind, and stranger helped stranger with a smile.
Boulder
Winds
Centerville is no stranger to severe winds. Our four canyons to the east create wind tunnels that strongly intensify the wind.
February 1864: One of the earliest accounts of such a wind in the new settlement of Centerville occurred in February of 1864. John Rigby set off for Salt Lake City to acquire medicine for his infant son. During his return trip a severe east wind prevented his return home, and he stayed with a family in Bountiful for the night. As he prepared to leave the next morning, he found his team of horses had frozen to death. He finished his journey on foot. When Rigby reached the Co-Op in Centerville, he met William Ford. Ford had been heading to the store to purchase a coffin for John Rigby’s wife and infant son. During the night, Elizabeth Rigby had become frightened by the wind and feared the roof would blow off. She bundled up herself and her infant and headed for the neighbors. The wind was so strong it blew Elizabeth and her infant into the fence, and the force of the wind held them fast and they froze to death.
1909 & 1931: The first dance hall in the area was built in Centerville in 1904 by Moses P. and Mary Rockwood. Alberta Hall was used for many activities, dances, basketball games, Christmas programs, movies, roller skating. A strong easterly wind tore the roof off and blew the front of the building in. The Rockwoods rebuilt, but in 1931 another east wind leveled the building. This time the damage was too great to salvage anything and Alberta Hall was but a memory.
October 30, 1959: 84 mph winds knocked down Ron Randall’s Service Station for a second time (the east wall of the original station was blown down in a strong wind years earlier). The present station was rebuilt in 1960.
February 15, 1963: Centerville’s east winds strike again. Award-winning Smoot Dairy was destroyed by fire after an east wind blew over an electrical transformer. The fire became one of the worst fires recorded in Davis County history. Again, Centerville’s community spirit was put into action and all able-bodied men and boys helped with cleanup and reconstruction, allowing the dairy to reopen within a few months.
December 1, 2011: The area received 102 mph winds, equivalent to a Category 2 hurricane. Roofs were blown off businesses and homes. Semi-trucks blew over and the state curtailed travel on the highways through Davis County. “In one sector of the city, at the north end, 100 percent of the homes had damage," according to city police. 40% of homes were without power, some for days. Travel trailers and trampolines were blown down streets, resembling abandoned paper cups. Residents were asked to stay home as the windows of many cars driving down Parrish Lane and Main Street were shattered by flying debris. The National Guard, business owners, churches, and residents worked together to clean up the damage. What looked like a war-torn city was quickly returned to a beautiful community.
Labor Day Weekend 2020: Yet another major windstorm came to Centerville with 97 mph wind. Hundreds of mature trees were no match against the insistent gale forces. Many blew flat to the ground with their entire root system unearthed. Large pieces of sidewalk came up, too. Power outages lasted up to 14 days in some areas.
Violent Winds over 80 mph Recorded in Centerville: February 1910, January 1916, November 1964, May 1970, February 1971, October 1971, April 1973, March 1977, November 1978, January 1980, April 1983, February 1986, October 1986, March 1988, December 1988, December 2011, and Labor Day in 2020.
Charles Duncan
Charles Duncan was a gifted stone mason from Scotland. He and his family saved and planned to come to America for religious freedom. The Duncans felt that their dream was coming close to fruition, when tragedy hit. Charles' arm was crushed between two large rocks. Doctors said they would have to amputate his arm; it was just too greatly injured to heal. Charles felt his life had no point and told the doctors he would rather die than have his arm amputated. His hands were his livelihood, and he could not bear not being able to provide for his family.
Doctors announced that gangrene had set in, and he would lose his arm within days or die. Charles knew his wife would not embark on the journey without him, so he withheld this information from her and boarded the ship. The first evening on the ship Charles took to his bed and Margaret, his wife, prayed for help. The answer came to her in clear detail. Charles was wrapped in heavy woolen quilts, leaving only the injured arm free. He was then placed in a lifeboat and securely fastened in. Charles was frightened and sure he would drown at sea, so Margaret entered the boat with him. She removed the bandages from his arm and lowered it into the water. His injured arm was left hanging over the side of the boat allowing cold salt water to wash over it. The treatment was repeated day after day, and upon arrival in New Orleans, his arm was completely healed to the point he helped the other men unload the ship.
Closet
It is said that closets were uncommon in the 18th and 19th centuries because people would have to pay a tax based on the number of rooms in their house. Closets were considered a room for the purpose of this tax, making your closet the most expensive room in the house. To avoid paying that tax people would not put closets in their homes.
This is actually false.
There are four closets in the Whitaker Museum, including this master bedroom closet. Most closets were not used for clothing during this time; they were most likely used for storage. People kept their clothes in a chest, clothes press, or chest of drawers. Also, most people did not have enough clothes to need a closet. Even a wealthy woman would only have a few dresses. Closets were just not needed.
Coffin Grand Piano
In the mid to late 19th century, there was a musical development: the square grand piano. They are sometimes referred to as “coffin pianos” because when they are closed, they look like a coffin. These pianos are certainly distinct in their appearance but technically they are inferior instruments. Instead of aligning the strings with the keys, like a traditional piano, they are perpendicular. This means that the keys on one end of the keyboard are much longer than the keys on the other end of the keyboard. The part of the keys that are longer and shorter are behind the fallboard, not the part you see unless you remove the action—otherwise it appears as a normal keyboard to the player.
For nearly 150 years, Square/Box Grand Pianos were the piano of choice in both America and Europe, yet very few people today have ever seen one.
One of the earliest pianos was brought to Utah by Abraham Hunsaker. He lived on the outskirts of Nauvoo when the Mormons arrived and settled there. Abraham soon joined the church. Because he lived outside the city, he got top money for his property when the saints were forced to leave. He started for the Salt Lake Valley with eight wagons loaded with supplies and with a number of cattle. But as others needed supplies, he gave his away. He arrived in Salt Lake with nearly empty wagons.
Brigham Young encouraged ‘social halls’ to be constructed if not in every town then every few towns, and social events would be held on a regular basis. The land was rough, hard work was a daily requirement, and the need for fun and gathering was a need. Plays, dances and dinners were held often.
The arts were important to the early pioneers, and after living in the valley for some time, Hunsaker decided he needed a piano and went back East to get it. He got as far as eastern Wyoming, when for some unknown reason he buried the piano, wrapping it four-deep with buffalo robes using the fur side to cushion the piano. A year later, Hunsaker went back to get the piano. It is one of three known pianos brought by pioneers that were buried along the way and retrieved later.
The Box Grand that you are viewing was owned by the Isaac Chase family and was transported across the plains in a wagon, but made the journey without any known trouble. To transport the piano, which is more than 6 feet long and 3 feet wide, they had to take off the legs so the body could sit flat in the wagon bed.
Isaac Chase, a successful miller from New York, was the original owner of Liberty Park in Salt Lake City, Utah, which dates back to 1847. Chase was assigned a plot of land in the original “Big Field Survey” of 1847, which distributed farm plots to the first settlers of the Salt Lake Valley. He built a mill on the property between 1847 and 1852, which became well known during the famine of 1856-1857 when it provided free flour to the valley’s residents. The mill is still standing today as a historic monument in the park and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1859, Chase gave the land to Brigham Young in exchange for the Thurston cabin and property in Centerville, naming it Chase Park. Young became the owner of the Chase Farm and Mill in 1860. He added trees to the property, including cottonwood and mulberry, and in 1881 Salt Lake City purchased the land from Young’s estate. The park was officially opened as Liberty Park on June 17, 1882, and the entire 110 acres were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Liberty Park is considered Utah’s best example of a “central park” in the style of New York City’s Central Park. Today, the park is a popular spot for Salt Lake City residents and features shade trees, flowers, lakes, playgrounds, tennis courts, and the Tracy Aviary, one of the largest and oldest free-standing aviaries in the United States.
When the Chase Liberty Park Home became a museum they gifted Isaac Chase’s box grand to the Whitaker (Centerville’s Heritage Museum) as the Chase family made Centerville their home. The Chase Home Museum of Utah Folk Arts also has information about the history of Liberty Park, the Chase family, and the Chase Home.
Cornerstone
History of the Home
From a mere handful of families clustered along the banks of a stream in 1847-1848 to the thriving city of more than 18,000 in 2020, this is Centerville.
A house is thought to claim property and provide shelter and protection. To those who reside there, it becomes a “home”.
Soon after relocating, many settlers constructed log homes using timber from the mountains located nearby. They were built for shelter and survival and consisted of one or two rooms and a fireplace for cooking and warmth. One of the original cabins built in the settlement remains today and can be seen on the corner of 975 North and Main. It was built by Thomas and Rosetta Thurston on their 80-acre farm in 1849. The small cabin housed them and their ten children.
As the settlement became established, more substantial homes were built. One resource is prevalent in this land: stones. Stone homes were common and became popular in early Mormon culture. The Whitaker home follows the same design. It is a symmetrical façade with simple ornamentation, two rooms over two rooms being divided by a central passageway. Some of the most influential stone masons in the settlement were Charles Duncan and his sons, John, Archibald, and Charles Jr. They built homes, buildings, and culverts throughout the territory. Charles was such a talented craftsman that if you put your nose to the corner of the house and look straight on to the other side of the home, you will see a flush wall as straight as an arrow. His only tool of measurement was a spike and a string. Another trademark of a Duncan house was the granite or sandstone quoins or cornerstones of his structures. These cornerstones were gathered from the discard pile during the construction of the Salt Lake Temple. Visit the museum to find out how, and who purchased these unique architectural features desired for their home.
Gold in Them Thar Hills
By the 1857 Gold Rush, prospectors had spread into the Centerville range. Many claims were filed, but only a few miners experienced success as they dug mines and blasted away at the rock in the Centerville canyons. A.L. Buckland and John O’Donovan were two of those. For 25 years, A.L. Buckland led a mining effort that covered over 500 acres in the Centerville mountains. He discovered veins of copper with some gold and silver mixed in. He formed the Buckland Mining and Development Company. The camp had a sawmill, blacksmith shop, bunkhouse, and a water wheel built on Parrish Creek. At its peak, the company employed 67 people. The mine closed in 1923 after destruction from a major flood.
John O’Donovan was a prospector and miner who filed a claim on a mine above Deuel Creek in the mountains east of Centerville. When he decided to leave the area in 1907, he sold the mine claim to Georgie Evans, who worked the mine for many years. Georgie built a cabin, storage sheds, and horse corrals near the mine, where he lived until 1940.
In 1883, two Centerville residents, Ephraim Garn and George Chase, established the Lake Shore Resort, a swimming resort on the west side of town. While digging for artesian wells to supply water for the showers, they hit an underground pool of natural gas. The supply of natural gas looked promising, so the American Gas Company bought the rights to supply gas for street lighting in Salt Lake City. The wells only produced gas for six years.
Several sand and gravel mines—more commonly called pits—have operated in the Centerville foothills over the years. Hart Mine was in south Centerville, and the Rockwood pit mine operated at the top of Chase Lane. Joseph Kjar owned a pit mine in north Centerville commonly called Joe’s Hole. Parson’s Construction owned a pit mine on the north end of Centerville. Residential developments now occupy the land where the pit mines once operated.
Herb Garden
Culinary and Medicinal Herbs
The useful properties of herbs were discovered centuries ago by observing what parts of certain plants would be eaten by sick animals. Archaeological research has shown that humans were using herbs thousands of years ago. Indigenous peoples collectively used more than 1,000 different plants for food and medicine. 400 different indigenous species of plants were used for medicinal applications.
Culinary herb plants are aromatic and used to add flavor to food. These include thyme, marjoram, winter savory, and sage. Their clean scents made these herbs desirable. Anything that smelled clean was thought to promote good health. Herbs, second only to salt, make the difference between a meal to be enjoyed and food for survival. There was a time when salt was worth more than money. Salt cellars and caskets were guarded with locks to prevent them from being stolen.
When the pioneers settled in the Salt Lake Valley it was described as a “sterile waste place, glistening with beds of salt, soda and deadly alkaline.” Explorer Jim Bridger offered to pay Brigham Young $1,000 cash for the first bushel of corn produced in the valley. Immigrants were encouraged to bring many different plants from their native lands to try in this area. Missionaries traveling to foreign countries also returned with seeds and cuttings that could be grown in intermountain farms or in gardens. Some herbs not native this area are dandelion, tansy, burdock, catnip, and spearmint.
Frost, crickets, and other problems made the early years very precarious. Many plants that we now battle each summer and refer to as weeds played a large part in the survival of the first settlers. Redroot pigweed, with its radish-flavored root and succulent leaves, saved many lives. Goosefoot (or lambsquarters) were used as we now eat spinach: cooked with a bit of ham or raw in a salad. Thistles sustained many pioneers in the early years. One pioneer wrote, “I used to eat thistle stalks until my stomach would be as full as a cow’s.” Young stinging nettle leaves were also used as greens. Cooking destroys the irritants. Care must be taken as this plant (as well as others) can become toxic when mature. Greasewood sprouts were another that fed the pioneers when young, but could cause kidney stones if eaten when mature. Camas bulbs (for which Kamas, Utah is named) are good cooked, but if undercooked they could upset the stomach. Pioneer journals record camas as the ‘Mighty Wind’. Great care had to be taken when foraging the bulbs because they grew near the death camas, which is poisonous.
Gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries, and currants grew in the mountains and were highly prized. Chokecherries were a favorite for preserves and jellies. Ground cherries (related to tomatoes) were collected after the first frost and made into jam.
The ephedra plant (not to be mistaken for its Chinese cousin) is known by many names and used for many purposes. Also called ‘Mormon Tea’, or ‘Brigham Tea’, it is a coarse green shrub that grows in the desert. The pioneers drank it as a hot drink, but it was also used to treat runny noses as it is an antihistamine. Many believe it tastes like dirty socks and causes bad breath, but records say, “Put enough sugar and cream in and it tastes splendid.”
Most benefits of herbs were stumbled upon as the following account tells:
“One day I discovered a plant with singular branches and pods .... I had the curiosity to pick some of the pods and chew them; the taste and operation produced was so remarkable that I never forgot it. I afterwards used to induce boys to chew it merely by way of sport, to see them vomit. This plant, lobelia, became Dr. Thomson's emetic herb.” - Willard Richards
Herb Garden
Herbs for Dyes
In pioneer days knitting clothing was almost a necessity. Not that commercial articles were not available via catalogs and trading posts, but they cost more than the home-produced article, and “cash money” was sorely needed for other things. Additionally, the yarn in knitted clothing could be unraveled when holes could no longer be darned and recycled by re-knitting. Many pioneer women made their own dyes from native vegetable materials, which cost nothing but infinite patience and some careful work.
Herbs would be gathered into bundles, then washed thoroughly before beginning the dye process. Two quarts of fresh flowers, leaves, or roots could generally dye a pound of yarn. Herbs were soaked in rainwater overnight. Well water had minerals and chemicals that could react with the dyes. Dyes were boiled in large pots for up to 4 hours.
Dyes “take” better after a process known as mordanting, which also helps set the color and makes it more fade-proof as well as enriches the color. Pioneers used mordanting agents they readily had, such as vinegar, ammonia, cream of tartar, and alum. Indigenous people used urine and salt that was in abundance from the Great Salt Lake. Readily-available herbs and plants in the area made beautiful dyes to add variety to the textiles of the early settlers.
Mountain News
United Airline
On a stormy day late in 1940, Centerville's mountains made the news. On November 4, the Deseret News ran a lead article reporting a tragic plane crash that occurred in the mountains east of the community. It was in a densely wooded section on Thurston Mountain, five miles east of Centerville, that a United Air mainliner crashed. It broke apart on impact, taking the lives of its seven passengers and a crew of three. They were also carrying 213 pounds of mail. It was determined that the accident was unavoidable due to poor weather conditions and failure of the range or radio beam. All lives met instant death. Judge Rigby received the call telling of the accident. He immediately acted and oversaw the rescue effort from start to finish. The plane was in such a location that it could not be seen.
Donny Duncan climbed a tall pine tree to locate the wreckage. William A. McIlraith, the town marshal, was the first to arrive at the crash. He deputized six young men to guard the area until American airline officials could arrive. Donny Duncan, Merrill Perkins, DeWayne Randall, Atheh Rollins, Reggie Coles, Wilford Sparks, and Bill Evans were asked to help watch over the wreck site and help carry the victims down the mountain on the backs of their horses. DeWayne “Pork” Randall, a WWII pilot, said that this experience caused him many sleepless nights. Leo Turner, from Smoot Dairy, helped with the effort by piloting Dr. Beacamon, a physician, to the scene. The bodies of the victims were taken to Smoot Dairy where they were stored in cool storage until they were transported to various mortuaries. Because of Smoot Dairy’s support during this time, United Airlines began purchasing milk for their flights from them.
Piper Cub Crash 1949
In the upper southeast hillside of Centerville Canyon, a Piper Cub aircraft crashed into the side of the mountain. Lost and disoriented in a snowstorm, the pilot was unable to clear the rim of the mountain and crashed with the fuselage pointing uphill. The pilot was badly hurt with internal injuries. His passenger had a broken leg. Because of the severe weather and their injuries, they gathered wood for a fire and made shelter under the wing of the damaged plane and waited for rescuers. None came, as no one knew of the downed plane in Centerville Canyon.
On the third day, as the pilot’s injuries showed sure demise if help did not come, the passenger did his best to secure a better shelter and a big fire for the pilot and began the long trek down a rugged mountain by following Centerville Creek. He found George Miles at his home, who summoned Deputy Sheriff Arch Peterson. Peterson asked Ron Randall and Richard Pettit, both 17 at the time, to get their horses and help him get to the accident site. The snow was so deep that the horses had to be left behind. They finished the rest of the way on foot. Sadly, the fire was cold, and despite the pilot's warm leather gear, he had succumbed to his injuries and the elements.
A few weeks after the crash, Ron Randall and Richard Pettit, believing that the plane was wrecked beyond repair, thought it would be great to have an airplane engine. They hiked back up to the crash and disconnected the engine. They decided to come back and drag the engine down the mountain the following week, but to their dismay, upon their return they found that someone else had stolen the plane’s engine.
Mountains
Watching over the east boundary of Centerville stands 3.3 miles of the Mighty Wasatch Range. These mountains have played a key role for the indigenous people and the settlers to arrive in the territory. Timber for cabins, corrals, barns, and firewood was harvested from the foothills and canyons. Spring-fed streams provided clean water for homes, gardens, and crops. Wildlife, abundant in the mountains, provided a necessary food source. Pioneer journal entries record an abundance of spruce, pines, and fir trees extending up into the canyons. Cottonwood, birch, and poplar trees grew abundantly in the foothills along the streams, much as they do today. The mountains still service the residents of Centerville in abundant ways, providing areas for hiking, hunting, and exploring. Each morning a beautiful sunrise comes over the mountains in the east. Each evening a picturesque sunset is on display over Antelope Island on the west.
What’s in a name?
Centerville is home to five major mountains. Big Mountain is marked with a ‘V’ for Viewmont High School. Hog’s Back Mountain greets everyone who travels east on Parrish Lane and watches over the old town. Jake Winters Mountain lies north of Parrish Creek, Thurston Mountain lies between Barnard Creek and Ricks Creek, and Rigby Mountain rises above north Centerville and Bountiful Peak.
Six streams run through the mountains: Deuel Creek, Parrish Creek, Barnard Creek, Ricks Creek, Lone Pine Creek, and Davis Creek.
Six canyons can be found between the mountains: Ward Canyon, Upper Centerville Canyon, Parrish Canyon, Garn Canyon, Upper Ford Canyon, and Lone Pine Canyon. There are also three hollows: Twin Hollows, Wolf Hollow, and Gold Mine Hollow. The difference between a canyon and a hollow is that the hollow has no stream or creek flowing through it.
The gradual sloping of the foothills, created by erosion of ancient Lake Bonneville, are deceiving. Beyond them lies a steep and rugged range. The beautiful Centerville Mountains extend six and one-third miles to the Wasatch Ridge. The front points of the mountains average 1900 feet. The highest point is Bountiful Peak at 9269 feet above sea level. The eastern border of the Centerville mountains is the Wasatch Ridge, dropping off to Morgan on the other side.
Rock Formations
Sheep Rock, one of the most striking sites located in the Centerville Mountains, is visited each year by numerous hikers and youth groups. This large rock is estimated to be about 38 feet tall and nearly 30 feet wide. Glowing white, it is easily spotted from anywhere in the city below.
Rhino Point is located on the face of Hogs Back Mountain. This rock stands vertically like the horn on a Rhinoceros.
The petrified tree or Roman column is in Wolf Hollow, just south of the Rifle Range.
Crevice Rock comes out from the edge of the mountain east of the Deuel Creek stream, and is another interesting formation to see.
The Devil’s Chair, in Wolf Hollow, is a half mile above the Firebreak Road. It is probably the most visited, next to Sheep Rock, by the youth of Centerville.
Legend of Devil’s Chair
There is a legend regarding the “Devil’s Chair” situated in the mountains east of the community. Some say that if you sit in the seat of the chair and curse, the chair will “burn your behind.” A Centerville resident, Phil Sessions, tells of his experience as a youth. He and a friend rode their horses up to the “chair” one summer morning with the intent to give it a test. With anxious anticipation, the two hiked down to the chair and Phil cautiously lowered himself into it. Seated firmly and squaring his shoulders, Phil cut loose with his best efforts of cussing, yelling and cursing. Fortunately (or maybe unfortunately) nothing happened. He tried it again, but no change. Perhaps he didn’t do it right.
Pictographs
Along Parrish Creek there are writings on the rock cliffs. Before settlers arrived, the Shoshone Indians came to the area each year to harvest fruits, berries, and wild rice, along with wild birds, so some claim that the writings are Indian petroglyphs.
Self Portrait of Thomas Whitaker
Thomas was raised in a home of privilege. His family was from Rotherhithe, England and made their fortune in shipping for the British Navy. Thomas and his sister were taught by tutors in the fine arts, languages, music, penmanship, and painting. Thomas painted this portrait of himself in his early twenties, using a looking glass.
Summer Kitchen
Used primarily in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the summer kitchen had several practical uses. At its most basic level, the outbuilding physically separated hot kitchen activities from the rest of the house during the warmer months. People would disassemble their coal or wood cook stove and move it into the summer kitchen when the weather got hot. It was all an effort to keep the house as cool as possible. The summer kitchen also helped to keep cooking smells away from the main living area. The physical separation of a lit stove from the house reduced the risk of house fires.
The summer kitchens also served as a year-round location to do smelly chores like laundry, dying fibers, and preserving food and game for winter storage. Summer kitchens were not set up like the kitchen in the main house. The space was kept quite clear, usually featuring a table pushed against the wall that could be used as either a workspace or a regular kitchen table. There may have been a rack for drying clothes or herbs, but most of the furnishings in the space would be entirely portable and temporary. Although food would be prepped in the kitchen, it would not be stored there.
Pails of water were brought in from the well for home use. Clothes were washed in a tin tub and the same tub was used for bathing on Saturday night. Used water was poured on the kitchen and flower garden right outside the back door. Water was heated over the wood stove or cauldron in a yard fire pit.
Textiles
Birth of a Textile
Brigham Young sent pioneers who had come from the southern states to St. George to grow cotton. Because the climate mimicked the South the area became known as ‘Dixie’. In an earlier mission to Manchester England, Brigham Young was exposed to the manufacture of silk. Thus, he said to the pioneers:
“I wish to see this people manufacture their own clothing, ... I want to see the people wear hats, boots, coats, etc., made by ourselves, as good as ever was made in any country."
The expense of shipping goods twelve hundred miles from Midwest markets to Utah was a significant factor in the rally for economic independence.
Sericulture
Utah’s silk industry spanned a half century, from 1855 to 1905. Industry was the hallmark of early pioneers in Utah. Brigham Young encouraged the people to begin raising silkworms, beginning the Sericulture Industry in Utah. Thomas Whitaker raised silkworms as a hobby during his youth in England, and undertook the endeavor here. The older girls and women wore small cloth pouches inside the bodice of their dresses to incubate the eggs. When the eggs hatched the silkworms had to be immediately removed and placed on the racks with mulberry leaves, their food source, and cared for continually 24 hours a day. In an 1860s era Deseret News article an account of several women getting up and leaving during the LDS conference noted, “Their eggs were hatching”. The stench of silkworms was so bad that husbands and sons would sleep in the barn.
Back east, Susan B. Anthony received a gift for her eightieth birthday. The women of Utah presented her with a handmade—but elegant—black silk dress. Susan, the leader of the National Woman Suffrage Association, cherished it as a token of the friendship and admiration she had for the women in Utah.
Elizabeth Whitaker used ‘reeled’ silk to make a vest and cravat for Brigham Young. Brigham Young was so impressed with the gift that he came to Centerville and complimented Thomas on the productivity of his household, then encouraged them to increase their productivity. Elizabeth declined.
Silkworms thrive on the leaves of mulberry trees. Thus, one or two trees were planted in the yard of those that raised silkworms. Mulberry trees expanded into the groves in many northern Utah towns until they gave way to urban development.
Sericulture was practiced throughout the state of Utah, including a factory in downtown Salt Lake City, and St. George, Utah. The completion of the East-West Rail Line ended the Sericulture industry in Utah. It was much easier to have silks brought in from San Francisco.
Thomas Whitaker Property
When Thomas Whitaker first moved with his young bride Elizabeth to Centerville, he purchased six acres, cultivating and planting most of it in fruit trees. John Whitaker, a son, recalled that the land was “planted with the choicest fruits, raised and budded on the lot by Thomas William Whitaker and his children.”
Thomas was not only a farmer, but a noted horticulturalist as well as Centerville’s first nurseryman. He grew eight varieties of apples, as well as apricots, cherries, cling peaches, and pears. As they matured, the trees budded and grafted. Whitaker also grew mulberries, grapes, wild Potawatomi and blue plums, red and yellow currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and strawberries. As a nurseryman, he also sold shade trees, shrubs, and rose bushes, as well as beautiful flowers. The Whitaker property was beautiful to behold.
Views to the West
A cherished reward from hiking or driving to the top of the mountains east of Centerville is the exquisite view of the lake. Antelope island is visible from one end to the other, forming the horizon in the west. The patchwork of islands and waters express the mood of the day. On a bright, sunny day the water is aqua blue, while in a brilliant autumn sunset, the water shimmers in gold. Likewise, the color of the island changes from tan to gray to dark blue. At times, lightning dances off the island. As the sun sets over the lake and Antelope Island, the skies light up with a radiant display of color. Burning orange to red. There is a magical moment just as the sun slips below the western horizon. The clouds, the lake and the mountains seem to rejoice together as they are painted in glorious color. Mother Nature uses a palette of endless hues as she paints the ever-changing views to be seen from the Centerville mountains.
Water Pump
Nothing Without Water
The history of water in the location that became Centerville began thousands of years ago when Lake Bonneville covered all of the Wasatch Front. The Great Salt Lake, west of Centerville, is all that remains of this massive lake that left in its wake the wonderful, nutrient-rich soil suitable for farming and habitation. Water is fundamental for survival and Centerville is home to four mountain streams, approximately one-half mile apart. From South to North you will find Deuel Creek, Parrish Creek, Ricks Creek, and Barnard Creek, which gave ready access to the early settlers and livestock in the area. Fresh water springs were found on the hillside and in the canyons and were quickly claimed by families for personal use. Today three of these springs are still used. Duncan Springs, above north Centerville, is owned and used by the city for municipal purposes, and the Devore Springs, also above north Centerville, is still used by the original family. Georgie’s Spring is located up Centerville Canyon on the south side and was used by early miners who developed a copper mine in the hillside. Centerville City has a map showing the many streams and springs located in the hills of Centerville.
Originally, water was hauled from streams to the house for use. The further you lived from the hills the more difficult it was to collect clean water. In 1885, Hyrum Smith dug the first artesian well in Centerville to obtain clean potable water for his family. The artesian well allowed water to rise to the surface within itself due to underground pressure. Others dug wells near their homes. Wells were 5 feet in diameter, and however deep they needed to be to reach water. The walls were lined with rocks or bricks, and a bucket was used to draw the water to the surface for use. This water was cold because it came from deep below the surface. When iron pipes became available, artesian wells were constructed out of pipe to allow the flow of water to be stopped, preventing the waste of water. However, the water from these pipes tended to have a very strong iron taste. Though many of the wells and springs were free-flowing, by the end of summer most dried up, which was problematic.
Mills
Two Grist Mills were built in the early days of Centerville. In 1848 Samuel Parrish built a mill on Deuel Creek. In 1866 Anson Call built the ‘Rock Mill’, located on Deuel Creek. One sawmill, constructed and owned by John Rigby on Ricks Creek, was built during the early years of the Centerville Settlement. The mills used the water to run the grinding stones or the saws, and then the water was dumped back into the streams allowing for use further downstream. Streams were dammed to create a pond. These ponds and the Streeper's Pond were used to irrigate fields, produce ice during the winter for use in the summer, baptisms by the Latter-day Saints, and swimming.
Reservoirs
Due to the possibility of ponds and streams drying up by the end of the summer or possible drought years, the construction of reservoirs allowed for the collection and use of water on demand. Reservoirs were built on many private properties in Centerville. Some were dug directly out of the earth; others were made of poured cement. Water was collected from springs or artesian wells, and diverted from the four streams. Some popular reservoirs in Centerville were Wayne Smith reservoir at 400 North and 200 West, Clarence and John Backman reservoir at Chase Lane and 400 West, Sid Rose reservoir on east Pages Lane on the north side (Mr. Rose did not take kindly to swimmers), Folsom reservoir at 700 East and 300 North (a favorite swimming hole for the youth in the area), and The Witcher reservoir located on the Southeast corner of the cemetery, which was surrounded by a high fence and wire to deter all swimmers.
There were no pools close to Centerville and summer became very hot, so the children of Centerville swam in the ponds, though they preferred the reservoirs because they were cemented and the water was clean. The Smith reservoir was a favorite; it was fed by a spring and the water was clear and cold. The boys swam in the buff, so days were designated “boys’ day”, and “girls’ day”. Smith reservoir was very close to the Bamberger tracks, so the swimmers would climb out of the cold water and lay on the tracks to dry off and warm up. When the train was coming the boys would run and jump into the water because they swam “au naturel” and did not want the passengers to get an unexpected show.
Reservoirs were drained so the muck and debris could be cleaned out and refilled. There is a story of a group of young men who wanted to go on a late-night swim one hot summer evening in the 1920s-1940s. To reach the Smith reservoir, they parked their vehicle on Parrish Lane, then went down a dirt road, and skirted the edges of the fields to water. ‘Red’ Tingey raced toward the reservoir, dropping his clothes as he went, and yelled to his friends, “Last one in is a rotten egg!” Red jumped in, but to his dismay, the water had been drained. Luckily, he was okay.
Waterfalls
Rick’s Creek Waterfall in Ford Canyon falls nearly 9 feet into a clear pool of water. Ribbon Falls is in Garn Canyon. The Chute is along Deuel Creek Trail. Monorock Falls can be found on the Barnard Creek Main Trail. Lower Barnard Falls is also on Barnard Creek by the dam. Rope Swing Falls is by the Deuel Creek Trail. Parrish Creek Falls is in the Parrish Canyon. Upper Deuel Falls is further up the Deuel Creek Canyon. Upper Double Falls is up the Ford Canyon Trail. These are some of the most popular falls. There are so many more to discover as you hike the trails of Centerville.
Wedding Dress
This raw silk wedding dress belonged to Mary Alice Whitaker Parrish, fourth child of Thomas and Elizabeth. Mary Alice made her wedding dress after the manner used by her mother, Elizabeth Mills Whitaker. She made this beautiful dress using the tools they learned during their cottage sericulture industry.
Wooden Pipes
Centerville was in need of a culinary water system. Residents above 300 East had to collect their water for drinking, cooking, and bathing from an open irrigation ditch when their watering turn came. One of Centerville’s first artesian wells is still used by many today. It is located at 200 South and 200 East and offers award-winning water free of fluoride and chlorine. To ensure steady service to the residents, a diversion stream called Paul Creek (off of Parrish Creek) was buried and diverted through a wire-wrapped wooden pipe system, bringing clean culinary water to the population.
By 1930, more water was needed to sustain its citizens and future growth of the city. An artificial lake was created on the face of Big Mountain. It was 15 feet deep at its deepest point, 2600 feet long, and 200 feet wide. The artificial lake was filled by Deuel Creek. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) workers helped build an earthen dike at the south end of the lake to help regulate the depth of water in it. It was fondly called “The Dike”. It had a rock spillway and when water hit a certain height it spilled over and drained into the lower part of Wolf Hollow, creating a runoff called Cobble Creek. "The Dike”, was a favorite recreation site for youth to fish and swim unrestrictedly. Some say it was a favorite place to take a moonlight stroll with a girlfriend.
Water Master
Rainfall was not sufficient for crops to thrive in the area, which was a major concern for the farmers in the area. Crops like potatoes, sugar beets, and turnips needed irrigation through September. Water became a coveted commodity and many fights have been fought over water rights. The incorporation of Centerville in 1915 qualified them for a $15,000 waterworks bond acquired from the Deuel Creek Irrigation Company, and the city built a reservoir to be owned by the landowner and not owned by the land. This being the case, water rights could be sold and bought separately from the land ownership.
In the beginning, when water could be diverted from the streams (and by whom) was controlled by ecclesiastical leaders of the predominant church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Samford Porter was selected as the first Water Master. William R. Smith became Water Master after Porter and served for many years. The Water Master had the responsibility to regulate the amount of water for each user and assure users each received their fair share. It was his job to designate the water turns and duration for each user in the community. In drought years the oldest water rights holders had priority on the limited supply. In 1957, the Weber Basin Water Project changed the dynamics and concerns for water for all the Wasatch Front.